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DIED: 1891 in Washington, DC. CAMPAIGN: Jonesville HIGHEST RANK ACHIEVED: Major General and Rear Admiral. |
| Samuel Powhatan Carter was born on August 6, 1819, in Elizabethton, Tennessee. He was educated at Washington College, in Virginia, and at the College of New Jersey (now known as Princeton). Appointed a navy midshipman in 1840, he served on ships in the Pacific, on the Great, and with the home squadron. In 1845, he was ordered to the Naval Academy at Annapolis, and graduated in 1846. After returning to naval duty, he served on the ship of the line Ohio, from which he saw the fall of Vera Cruz. He later served with the Naval Observatory, the Mediterranean squadron, as an assistant professor a the Naval Academy and with the East India squadron. At the beginning of the Civil War, Carter was with the Brazil squadron. Tennessee Sen. Andrew Johnson and other individuals helped Carter obtain "special duty" with the War Department. Sent to Tennessee to organize and train volunteer forces, Carter managed to prepare more than a regiment of troops, the first troops to come from the state. He was soon commanding a Tennessee brigade, and was commissioned a brigadier general on May 1, 1862. Carter went on to lead a Union cavalry raid which defeated the Confederates at Holston, Carter's Station, and Jonesville. These Union victories helped reduce the pressure on Union forces at Murfreesboro. After commanding the left wing of the Union forces in the Battle of Kingston, North Carolina; he was brevetted a major general of volunteers. While Carter was serving in the US Army, the US Navy promoted him to lieutenant commander in 1863, then to commander in 1865. After the Civil War, Carter returned to the Navy, and had been appointed a rear admiral before his retirement in 1882. Remembered by fellow officers as "tall, handsome and dignified, graceful in carriage and very affable ... of sincere piety and undoubted courage," he died on May 26, 1891, in Washington, D. C. |
Samuel P. Carter
Samuel Perry "Powhatan" Carter (August 6, 1819 – May 26, 1891) was a United States naval officer who served in the Union Army as a brevet major general during the American Civil War and became a rear admiral in the postbellum United States Navy. He was the first and thus far only United States officer to have been commissioned both a general officer and a Naval flag officer. C.f.: Joseph D. Stewart, Major General, (United States Marine Corps) and Vice Admiral (United States Maritime Service), the USMS being a civilian agency.
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Photo, Print, Drawing [General Samuel Powhatan Carter of General Staff U.S. Volunteers Infantry Regiment in uniform] / C.D. Fredricks & Co., 587 Broadway, New York 108 Calle de la Habana, Habana 31 Passage du Havre, Paris. digital file from original, front
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Carter, Samuel Powhatan
Samuel Powhatan Carter (pou´ətăn´, pouhăt´ən) , 1819, American naval officer and Union general in the Civil War, b. Elizabethton, Tenn., grad. Annapolis, 1846. In the Civil War he was transferred from the navy to the War Dept., sent to organize Union troops in East Tennessee, made brigadier general of volunteers (May, 1862), and given command of a cavalry division in the Army of the Ohio. Discharged from service as brevet major general (1866), he returned to the navy. In 1882 he was made a rear admiral on the retired list. Carter is said to have been the only American who was both a major general and a rear admiral.
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Reports in Official Records, Ser. I, Vol. 7, pp. 79-116 824.
Battle, J.H., W.H. Perrin, and G.C. Kniffin, Kentucky: A History of the State. Louisville: F. A. Battey, 1885, Part 1, p. 391.
Lindsley, John B., The Military Annals of Tennessee, Confederate: First Series. Nashville: J. M. Lindsley & Co., 1886, pp. 794-795.
Reid, Whitelaw, Ohio in the War: Her Statesmen Generals and Soldiers. Vol. II. Columbus: Eclectic Publishing Co., 1893, pp. 893, 895.
Witham, George, Shiloh, Shells and Artillery Units. Memphis: Riverside Press, 1980, pp. 81-84.
Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Kentucky: Confederate Kentucky Volunteers, War 1861-65. Vol. I. Frankfort, 1915, pp. 676-677.
York, Capt. Harrison B., Record of the 9th Independent Battery, Ohio Veteran Vol. Artillery. Cleveland: Fairbanks, Benedict & Co., 1864.
Compiled by Geoffrey R. Walden, 1997 copyright © 1997-1999, Geoffrey R. Walden all rights reserved.
1865 June 28th
Bering Sea. This date marked the most successful single day of the long cruise by the Confederate commerce raider CSS Shenandoah, commanded by Captain James Ireson Waddell. On this single day, Waddell captured eleven American whaling ships near the narrows of the Bering Strait. Nine whalers were destroyed while two were left afloat to carry the crews of the sunken vessels. So far, the commerce raider had seized 24 whalers and 14 merchant ships, with 1,053 sailors taken as prisoners. The loss of the ships was valued at $1,361,983.
Texas. Confederate Brigadier-General Joseph Orville Shelby and a small brigade of die-hard Confederates crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico. Most of the civilian companions dispersed, leaving the remainder to travel on to Mexico City where they offered their services to Emperor Maximilian. This offer was declined but they were offered land to settle at Carlota near Vera Cruz.
Union Organisation
USA: Brigadier-General Thomas Howard Ruger assumed command of the Department of North Carolina , succeeding Brigadier-General Samuel Powhatan Carter.
Ruger, Thomas Howard / New York-Wisconsin / Born 2 April 1833 Lima, New York / Died Stamford, Connecticut 3 June 1907
USMA 1 July 1854 3/46 Engineers-Infantry / Cadet USMA 1 July 1850 / Engineers 1 July 1854 / Resigned USA 1 April 1855 / Lieutenant-Colonel USV 3 rd Wisconsin Infantry 29 June 1861 / Colonel USV 1 September 1861 / Brigadier-General USV 4 April 1863 to rank from 29 November 1862 / Colonel USA 33 rd US Infantry 28 July 1866 / Mustered Out USV 1 September 1866 / 18 th US Infantry 15 March 1869 / Superintendent of USMA 1 September 1871-1 September 1876 / Brigadier-General USA 19 March 1886 / Major-General USA 8 February 1895 / Retired USA 2 April 1897 / Brevet 2 Lt USA 1 July 1854 Brevet Major-General USV 30 November 1864 Brevet Brigadier-General USA 2 March 1867 / WIA Antietam 17 September 1862
3 rd Brigade 1 st Division XII Corps Army of the Potomac 17 September 1862-20 October 1862 / 1 st Brigade 2 nd Division XII Corps Army of the Potomac 26 October 1862-30 December 1862 / 3 rd Brigade 1 st Division XII Corps Army of the Potomac February 1863-1 July 1863 / 1 st Division XII Corps Army of the Potomac 1 July 1863-4 July 1863 / 3 rd Brigade 1 st Division XII Corps Army of the Potomac 4 July 1863-16 August 1863 / 3 rd Brigade 1 st Division XII Corps Army of the Potomac 16 September 1863-25 September 1863 /3 rd Brigade 1 st Division XII Corps Army of the Cumberland 25 September 1863-14 April 1864 / 2 nd Brigade 1 st Division XX Corps Army of the Potomac 14 April 1864-17 September 1864 / 2 nd Brigade 1 st Division XX Corps Army of the Potomac 17 October 1864-5 November 1864 / 2 nd Division XXIII Corps Army of the Ohio 11 November 1864-8 December 1864 / 2 nd Division XXIII Corps Army of the Ohio 27 December 1864-2 February 1865 / 1 st Division provisional Corps Department of North Carolina 25 February 1865-18 March 1865 / 1 st Division XXIII Corps Department of North Carolina 18 March 1865-17 June 1865 / XXIII Corps Department of North Carolina 17 June 1865-27 June 1865 / Department of North Carolina 28 June 1865-19 May 1866
USA: The Army of the Potomac was discontinued.
USA: II Corps (Potomac) was discontinued.
USA: V Corps (Potomac) was discontinued.
USA: VI Corps (Potomac) was discontinued.
Commander in Chief: President Andrew Johnson
Vice-President: Vacant
Secretary of War: Edwin McMasters Stanton
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles
South Atlantic Squadron: Sylvanus W Godon
Gulf Squadron: Henry Knox Thatcher
Pacific Squadron: George Frederick Pearson
West Indies Squadron: James Shedden Palmer
Mississippi River Squadron: Samuel Phillips Lee
Potomac Flotilla: Foxhall Alexander Parker
General–in-Chief: Ulysses Simpson Grant
Military Division of the Atlantic: George Gordon Meade awaited
- Department of the East: John Adams Dix
- Department of Washington: Christopher Columbus Augur
- District of Alexandria: John Potts Slough
- District of Washington: Orlando Bolivar Willcox
- IX Corps Washington: John Grubb Parke
- District of Eastern Virginia: George Henry Gordon
- District of Virginia: Edward Otho Cresap Ord
- District of Lynchburg: John Irvin Gregg
- District of Fort Monroe: Nelson Appleton Miles
- Sub-District of the Peninsula: Benjamin Chambers Ludlow
- Sub-District of Blackwater: Gilbert Hunt McKibbin
- Sub-District of Roanoke: Edward Ferrero
- Sub-District of the Appomattox: Charles Henry Smith
- District of Beaufort (NC): Charles Jackson Paine
- District of Wilmington: John Worthington Ames
- Army of the James: Edward Otho Cresap Ord
- XXIV Corps James: John Gibbon
- XXIII Corps Ohio: Jacob Dolson Cox
- X Corps North Carolina: Adelbert Ames
- Middle Department: Lewis Wallace interim Winfield Scott Hancock awaited
- District of Delaware and the Eastern Shore: John Moulder Wilson temporary
- District of Annapolis: Frederic Dummer Sewall
Military Division of the Mississippi: William Tecumseh Sherman
- Department of the Ohio: Edward Otho Cresap Ord awaited
- Department of the Missouri: Grenville Mellen Dodge interim John Pope awaited
- District of Minnesota: Henry Hastings Sibley
- District of St Louis: James Alexander Williamson
- District of Southwest Missouri: Thomas Jefferson McKean
- District of North Missouri: George Spalding
- District of Central Missouri: John Lourie Beveridge
- District of Rolla: John Morrill
- District of the Upper Arkansas: James Hobart Ford
- Army of Arkansas: Joseph Jones Reynolds
- VII Corps Arkansas: Joseph Jones Reynolds
- XV Corps Tennessee: William Babcock Hazen
- XVII Corps Tennessee: Mortimer Dormer Leggett temporary
Military Division of the Gulf: Philip Henry Sheridan
- Department of Texas: Horatio Gouverneur Wright awaited
- Central District of Texas: David Sloane Stanley
- Eastern District of Texas: Joseph Anthony Mower
- Western District of Texas: Frederick Steele
- District of Baton Rouge: John Giles Fonda
- Eastern District of Louisiana: Thomas West Sherman
- Western District of Louisiana: John Parker Hawkins
- Northern District of Mississippi: Peter Joseph Osterhaus
- Southern District of Mississippi: John Wynn Davidson
- Western District of Mississippi: Jasper Adalmorn Maltby
Military Division of the Pacific: Henry Wager Halleck awaited
Military Division of the Tennessee: George Henry Thomas
- Department of Tennessee: George Stoneman awaited
- Department of Kentucky: John McAuley Palmer
- Department of Georgia: James Blair Steedman awaited
- Department of Alabama: Charles Robert Woods awaited
- District of Northern Alabama: Robert Seaman Granger
Confederate Organisation
CSA: Brigadier-General James Edward Harrison paroled at Houston, Texas.
Harrison, James Edward / South Carolina-Texas / Born 24 April 1815 Greenville, South Carolina / Died Waco, Texas 23 February 1875
Major PACS 1 st Battalion Texas Infantry 1861 / Lieutenant-Colonel PACS 15 th Texas Infantry May 1862 / Colonel PACS 1864 / Brigadier-General PACS 29 December 1864 to rank from 22 December 1864 / Paroled Houston, Texas 28 June 1865
Harrison’s Brigade Cavalry Division District of West Louisiana 1863 / Harrison’s Brigade District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona March 1865-7 April 1865 / 1 st Brigade Maxey’s Division District of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona 7 April 1865-26 May 1865Union Generals
Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission
Lieutenant-General USA
Major-General USA
Asterisk indicates concurrently Major-General USV
Henry Wager Halleck
William Tecumseh Sherman
George Gordon Meade
Philp Henry Sheridan
George Henry ThomasMajor-General USV
Asterisk indicates concurrently Brigadier-General USA
John Adams Dix
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
Benjamin Franklin Butler
David Hunter
Ethan Allen Hitchcock
Irvin McDowell*
William Starke Rosecrans*
John Pope*
Samuel Ryan Curtis
Lewis Wallace
George Cadwalader
Edward Otho Cresap Ord
Samuel Peter Heintzelman
Joseph Hooker*
Silas Casey
William Buel Franklin
Henry Warner Slocum
John James Peck
Alexander McDowell McCook
John Gray Foster
John Grubb Parke
Christopher Columbus Augur
Gordon Granger
Lovell Harrison Rousseau
George Stoneman
Oliver Otis Howard*
Daniel Edgar Sickles
Robert Huston Milroy
Daniel Butterfield
Winfield Scott Hancock*
George Sykes
David Sloane Stanley
John McAllister Schofield*
John McAuley Palmer
Frederick Steele
Abner Doubleday
John Alexander Logan
James Gilpatrick Blunt
George Lucas Hartsuff
Francis Preston Blair
Joseph Jones Reynolds
Alfred Pleasonton
Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
Quincy Adams Gillmore
William Farrar Smith
James Blair Steedman
Edward Richard Sprigg Canby
Horatio Gouverneur Wright
Andrew Jackson Smith
Grenville Mellen Dodge
John Gibbon
Peter Joseph Osterhaus
Joseph Antony Mower
George Crook
Godfrey Weitzel
Jacob Dolson Cox
William Babcock Hazen
John White Geary
Alfred Howe Terry*
Thomas John Wood
Charles Griffin
George Armstrong Custer
Henry Eugene Davies
James Harrison Wilson
Francis Channing Barlow
Gershom Mott
Benjamin Henry Grierson
Hugh Judson Kilpatrick
Wager SwayneBrigadier-General USA
Brackets indicates concurrently Major-General USV
(Irvin McDowell)
(William Starke Rosecrans)
Philip St George Cooke
(John Pope)
(Joseph Hooker)
(Winfield Scott Hancock)
(John McAllister Schofield)
(Oliver Otis Howard)
(Alfred Howe Terry)Brigadier-General USV
Thomas West Sherman
Alpheus Starkey Williams
James Brewerton Ricketts
Orlando Bolivar Willcox
Henry Hayes Lockwood
Samuel Davis Sturgis
Henry Washington Benham
William Farquhar Barry
Lawrence Pike Graham
William Thomas Ward
John Gross Barnard
Innis Newton Palmer
Seth Williams
John Newton
George Wright
John Milton Brannan
John Porter Hatch
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Richard W Johnson
Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich Von Steinwehr
George Washington Cullum
Thomas Jefferson McKean
Zealous Bates Tower
Jefferson Columbus Davis
James Henry Lane
William Scott Ketchum
John Wynn Davidson
Eugene Asa Carr
Thomas Alfred Davies
William Hemsley Emory
Henry Moses Judah
John Cook
John McArthur
Jacob Gartner Lauman
Horatio Phillips Van Cleve
Speed Smith Fry
Alexander Asboth
Robert Byington Mitchell
Cuvier Grover
Rufus Saxton
Benjamin Alvord
Napoleon Bonaparte Buford
Nathan Kimball
Charles Devens
Samuel Wylie Crawford
Henry Walton Wessells
James Henry Carleton
Absalom Baird
John Cleveland Robinson
Truman Seymour
Henry Prince
Alvin Peterson Hovey
James Clifford Veatch
William Plummer Benton
John Curtis Caldwell
George Sears Greene
Samuel Powhatan Carter
Erastus Barnard Tyler
George Henry Gordon
Stephen Gano Burbridge
Washington Lafayette Elliott
Albion Parris Howe
Benjamin Stone Roberts
Fitz-Henry Warren
Morgan Lewis Smith
Charles Cruft
Frederick Salomon
Henry Shaw Briggs
James Dada Morgan
Johann August Ernst Willich
George Foster Shepley
John Reese Kenly
John Potts Slough
Henry Jackson Hunt
Mason Brayman
Nathaniel James Jackson
George Washington Getty
Alfred Sully
Eliakim Parker Scammon
Robert Seaman Granger
Joseph Rodman West
George Leonard Andrews
William Hays
Israel Vogdes
Lewis Cass Hunt
Frank Wheaton
John Sanford Mason
Robert Ogden Tyler
Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert
William Dwight
Sullivan Amory Meredith
William Vandever
Alexander Schimmelfennig
Charles Kinnaird Graham
John Eugene Smith
Joseph Tarr Copeland
Edward Elmer Potter
Henry Beebee Carrington
John Haskell King
Adam Jacoby Slemmer
Thomas Hewson Neill
Thomas Gamble Pitcher
Thomas William Sweeny
William Passmore Carlin
Romeyn Beck Ayres
Richard Arnold
Edward Winslow Hinks
Michael Kelly Lawler
George Day Wagner
Lysander Cutler
Joseph Farmer Knipe
John Dunlap Stevenson
James Barnes
Samuel Beatty
Edward Henry Hobson
Joseph Dana Webster
William Hopkins Morris
Thomas Howard Ruger
Elias Smith Dennis
Thomas Church Haskell Smith
Mortimer Dormer Leggett
Davis Tillson
Marcellus Monroe Crocker
Egbert Benson Brown
George Francis McGinnis
Hugh Boyle Ewing
Daniel Ullmann
George Jerrison Stannard
Henry Baxter
John Milton Thayer
Charles Thomas Campbell
Robert Brown Potter
Henry Hastings Sibley
Joseph Bradford Carr
Joseph Jackson Bartlett
Patrick Edward Connor
John Parker Hawkins
Gabriel René Paul
Edward Augustus Wild
Adelbert Ames
William Birney
Daniel Henry Rucker
Robert Allen
Rufus Ingalls
Alexander Shaler
Robert Sanford Foster
Alexander Stewart Webb
Alfred Napoleon Alexander Duffié
Walter Chiles Whitaker
Wesley Merritt
William Denison Whipple
Kenner Garrard
Charles Robert Woods
John Benjamin Sanborn
Giles Alexander Smith
Jasper Adalmorn Maltby
Thomas Kilby Smith
Walter Quintin Gresham
Manning Ferguson Force
John Murray Corse
John Aaron Rawlins
Alvan Cullem Gillem
John Wesley Turner
Henry Warner Birge
Adin Ballou Underwood
Augustus Louis Chetlain
William Anderson Pile
John Wallace Fuller
John Franklin Miller
Philippe Régis Dénis de Keredern De Trobriand
Cyrus Bussey
Christopher Columbus Andrews
Edward Moody McCook
Lewis Addison Grant
Edward Hatch
August Valentine Kautz
Francis Fessenden
John Rutter Brooke
John Frederick Hartranft
Samuel Sprigg Carroll
Simon Goodell Griffin
Emory Upton
Nelson Appleton Miles
Joseph Hayes
Byron Root Pierce
Selden Connor
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
Elliott Warren Rice
William Francis Bartlett
Edward Stuyvesant Bragg
Martin Davis Hardin
Charles Jackson Paine
Gustavus Adolphus De Russy
John Baillie McIntosh
George Henry Chapman
William Grose
Joseph Alexander Cooper
John Thomas Croxton
John Wilson Sprague
Luther Prentice Bradley
Charles Carroll Walcutt
William Worth Belknap
Joseph Abel Haskin
James Deering Fessenden
Eli Long
Thomas Wilberforce Egan
Joseph Roswell Hawley
Isaac Hardin Duval
John Edwards
Thomas Casimer Devin
Alfred Gibbs
Ranald Slidell Mackenzie
James Richard Slack
Thomas John Lucas
Edmund Jackson Davis
Joseph Bailey
George Lafayette Beal
Henry Goddard Thomas
Cyrus Hamlin
John Morrison Oliver
Robert Kingston Scott
James Sidney Robinson
Benjamin Franklin Potts
John Grant Mitchell
James Alexander Williamson
Newton Martin Curtis
Charles Camp Doolittle
Stephen Thomas
James Isham Gilbert
Galusha Pennypacker
Charles John Stolbrand
Charles Ewing
Stewart Van Vliet
Thomas Maley Harris
Frederick Tracy Dent
Thomas Ogden Osborn
Joseph Haydn Potter
James Sanks Brisbin
James Meech Warner
Lewis Baldwin Parsons
Oliver Edwards
Joseph Eldridge Hamblin
William Wells
Richard Henry Jackson
James William Forsyth
Charles Hale Morgan
Henry Alanson Barnum
Americus Vespucius Rice
William Burnham Woods
William Thomas Clark
Robert Francis Catterson
George Peabody Este
William Henry PenroseBrigadier-General USA (Staff)
Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (Quartermaster-General)
Lorenzo Thomas
George Douglas Ramsay
James Barnet Fry (Provost Marshal)
Richard Delafield (Engineers)
Joseph Holt (Judge Advocate-General)
Amos Beebe Eaton (Commissary-General of Subsistence)
Joseph K Barnes (Surgeon-General)
Alexander Brydie Dyer (Ordnance)
--> Carter, Samuel Perry "Powhatan", 1819-1891
Carter was born in Elizabethton, Tennessee, the eldest son of Alfred Moore Carter, a direct descendant of the early settlers for whom Carter County is named. His mother was Evalina Belmont Perry. Although later known as Samuel Powhatan Carter, Samuel's middle name was Perry. He had two brothers, William Blount Carter and James Patton Taylor Carter. Samuel Carter attended the Duffield Academy in Elizabethton, Washington College in Limestone, and Princeton University before enlisting in the U.S. Navy in February 1840. Serving as a midshipman, Carter's five years of service included duty in the Pacific and Great Lakes region before transferring to the United States Naval Academy. He graduated in the class of 1846, later seeing action during the Mexican–American War aboard the USS Ohio at the Battle of Veracruz.
Stationed at the United States Naval Observatory for several years following the war, Carter became an assistant professor of mathematics at the United States Naval Academy for three years, from 1850 to 1853. After another tour of duty with the Pacific and Brazil Squadrons, he served in various duties before winning promotion to lieutenant in April 1855. The following year, Carter was present aboard the USS San Jacinto during the bombardment of Chinese coastal fortifications before returning to the United States to be appointed to the staff at the U.S. Naval Academy, remaining at this tour of duty until 1860.
In early 1861, after receiving a letter from Carter assuring his loyalty to the Union should a civil war break out, Tennessee senator Andrew Johnson used his influence in the War Department for Carter to be detached from the Navy. Carter was ordered to organize and enlist Unionists within his native East Tennessee, where the majority of the population remained loyal. When Confederate occupation of the region prevented this, Carter raised a brigade of infantry from among the hundreds of East Tennesseans fleeing to Kentucky. During this time he adopted "Powhatan" as a code name when corresponding secretly with Unionists who remained behind Confederate lines. Carter's younger brother, William B. Carter (1820–1902), planned and coordinated the East Tennessee bridge-burning conspiracy in late 1861.
Carter was appointed a brigadier general of volunteers without resigning from the Navy. He led an infantry brigade at the Battle of Mill Springs on January 19, 1862, and participated in operations under Brigadier General George W. Morgan that resulted in the occupation of Cumberland Gap on June 17, 1862. Carter's hope that Morgan would then invade and occupy East Tennessee was dashed when Morgan was forced to retreat in the face of a Confederate move into Kentucky—Braxton Bragg's Perryville Campaign.
Following Bragg's defeat and retreat to Middle Tennessee, Carter successfully lobbied his superiors for permission to conduct a raid into East Tennessee. Carter's plan was to cripple the vital East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad. This would support the operations of Major General William S. Rosecrans in Middle Tennessee, and test the route through the mountains as a potential path of invasion. The result was the first long-range, large-scale Federal cavalry raid of the war. With a force of just under 1,000 men Carter moved through the rugged mountains of eastern Kentucky and Tennessee during the last week of 1862. On December 30 he destroyed railroad and wagon bridges at both Union and Carter's Depot (present day Watauga), Tennessee. He repeatedly defeated the Confederate forces in his path, captured a moving train, destroyed tens of thousands of dollars of military stores, and returned safely to Kentucky on January 2, 1863. Plans to follow the raid with an invasion and occupation of East Tennessee, a move urged by Lincoln, were canceled when Carter reported the route impracticable for a large force.
In July 1863, Carter was placed in command of the XXIII Corps cavalry division and continued campaigning across Tennessee throughout the year, engaging Confederate forces during the Battle of Blue Springs of the Knoxville Campaign.
By 1865, Carter was in North Carolina and commanding the left wing of the Union forces at the Battle of Wyse Fork. He was promoted to brevet major general of volunteers on March 13, 1865, briefly commanding the XXIII Corps before being mustered out of volunteer service in January 1866.
While Carter was serving in the Union Army, the U.S. Navy promoted him to lieutenant commander in 1863, then to commander in 1865.
Returning to naval service, Carter was appointed a commander due to his military record during the Civil War. Rejoining the Pacific Squadron, he commanded the USS Monocacy. He was promoted to captain in October 1870, served as commandant of midshipman in the Naval Academy until 1873, and returned to sea duty in Europe before being named a member of the Lighthouse Board in 1877.
After the Civil War, Carter became a Veteran Companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS), a military society composed of Union officers and their descendants.
In 1877, Carter married Martha Custis Williams (1827–1899), a descendant of Martha Custis Washington. Promoted to commodore in November 1878, Carter retired in August 1881, shortly before being promoted to rear admiral on the retired list in May 1882. He lived in retirement until his death in Washington, D.C. Carter is buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery.
Fellow officers remembered Carter as "tall, handsome and dignified, graceful in carriage and very affable . a 'soldierly Christian' of sincere piety and undoubted courage."
A Tennessee Historical Marker located on West Elk Avenue in front of the S. P. Carter home in downtown Elizabethton, Tennessee, commemorates his life and naval career.
Contents
Carter was born in Elizabethton, Tennessee, the eldest son of Alfred Moore Carter, a direct descendant of the early settlers for whom Carter County is named. His mother was Evalina Belmont Perry. Although later known as Samuel Powhatan Carter, Samuel's middle name was Perry. He had two brothers, William Blount Carter and James Patton Taylor Carter. Samuel Carter attended Washington College and Princeton University before enlisting in the U.S. Navy in February 1840. Serving as a midshipman, Carter's five years of service included duty in the Pacific and Great Lakes region before transferring to the United States Naval Academy. He graduated in the class of 1846, later seeing action during the Mexican-American War aboard the USS Ohio at the Battle of Veracruz.
Stationed at the United States Naval Observatory for several years following the war, Carter became an assistant professor of mathematics at the United States Naval Academy for three years, from 1850 to 1853. After another tour of duty with the Pacific and Brazil Squadrons, he served in various duties before winning promotion to lieutenant in April 1855. The following year, Carter was present aboard the USS San Jacinto during the bombardment of Chinese coastal fortifications before returning to the United States to be appointed to the staff at the U.S. Naval Academy, remaining at this tour of duty until 1860.
1862 May 1st
Occupation of New Orleans, LA(CWSAC Major Battle Union Victory)
Pulaski, TN
Peninsula Campaign – Siege of Yorktown
FirstCorinth Campaign
Operations at New Orleans
Confederate Evacuation of New Mexico
USA. The first operational submarine of the US Navy was launched and named Alligator. The vessel was never commissioned officially as USS Alligator.
Alabama. Operations by Union Major-General McKnight Mitchel at Athens, Limestone Bridge, Mooresville, and Elk River began. Incident at Bridgeport.
New Orleans, Louisiana. Union Major-General Benjamin Franklin Butler became US Military Governor of Louisiana. He began landing his army of the Department of the Gulf south of New Orleans and marched to occupy the city which had surrendered to the US Navy. He garrisoned Fort Jackson and Fort St Philip on the Mississippi River with one regiment and led the rest of his troops overland to the city. New Orleans was the largest city in the Confederacy and its loss was an event of major international significance. Butler’s controversial administration of the southeast third of Louisiana and the city of New Orleans was described later as “one of the most corrupt administrations in the city’s history.” (CWSAC Major Battle Union Victory)
Louisiana. USS Hatteras, Commander Emmons, captured the schooner Magnolia near Berwick Bay with a cargo of cotton.
Mississippi. Incident at Farmington.
North Carolina. USS Jamestown, Commander Green, captured the British blockade-runner Intended off the coast with a cargo of salt, coffee, and medicines.
South Carolina. USS Huron, Lieutenant Downes, captured the schooner Albert off Charleston.
South Carolina. The schooner Sarah ran aground at Bull’s Bay and was destroyed by her own crew to prevent capture by USS Onward, Acting Lieutenant Nickels.
Pulaski, Tennessee. Confederate Colonel John Hunt Morgan led his raiders into the town of Pulaski where a Union party was stringing telegraph lines. The Confederate captured 268 Union troops. As the prisoners were being rounded up, Morgan learned that a Union cavalry detachment of 50 men was approaching the town. Morgan sent a skirmish line to delay the reinforcements while he made off with the prisoners.
Virginia. Skirmish at Camp Creek in the Stone River Valley.
Virginia. Skirmish at Clark’s Hollow.
Virginia. Skirmish on the Lewisburg Road involving Union Brigadier-General Jacob Dolson Cox.
Virginia. Skirmish at Rapidan Station.
Virginia. Having emplaced about a hundred heavy Parrott siege guns, Major-General George Brinton McClellan ordered the first gun to open fire from his siege works against the Confederate defences at Yorktown.
Virginia. USS Marblehead, Lieutenant Somerville Nicholson, shelled the Confederate positions at Yorktown.
Union Organisation
USA: William Tecumseh Sherman promoted Major-General USV 3 May 1862 to rank from 1 May 1862
Sherman, William Tecumseh / Ohio / Born 8 February 1820 Lancaster, Ohio / Died New York, New York 14 February 1891
USMA 1 July 1840 6/42 Artillery / Cadet USMA 1 July 1836 / 2 nd Lieutenant USA 3 rd US Artillery 1 July 1840 / 1 st Lieutenant USA 30 November 1841 / Captain USA Assistant Commissary of Subsistence 27 September 1850 / Resigned USA 6 September 1853 / Major-General California Militia 1856-1857 / Colonel USA 13 th US Infantry 14 May 1861 / Brigadier-General USV 3 August 1861 to rank from 17 May 1861 / Major-General USV 3 May 1862 to rank from 1 May 1862 / Brigadier-General USA 4 August 1863 to rank from 4 July 1863 / Mustered Out USV 12 August 1864 / Major-General USA 12 August 1864 / Lieutenant-General USA 25 July 1866 / General USA 4 March 1869 / General-in-Chief of the US Army 4 March 1869-1 November 1883 / Retired USA 8 February 1884 / Brevet Captain USA 30 May 1848 Brevet General USA 13 February 1868 Withdrawn / WIA First Bull Run 21 July 1861 WIA Shiloh 6 April 1862
3 rd Brigade 1 st Division Department of Northeastern Virginia 30 June 1861-17 August 1861 / Sherman’s Brigade Army of the Potomac 17 August 1861-28 August 1861 / Department of the Cumberland 6 October 1861-9 November 1861 / District of Cairo 14 February 1862-11 March 1862 / 5 th Division Army of the Tennessee 1 March 1862-11 July 1862 / 5 th Division District of Memphis 21 July 1862-26 October 1862 / District of Memphis 26 October 1862-25 November 1862 / Right Wing XIII Corps Tennessee 27 November 1862-22 December 1862 / XV Corps Tennessee 22 December 1862-4 January 1863 / II Corps Mississippi 4 January 1863-12 January 1863 / XV Corps Tennessee 12 January 1863-29 October 1863 / Department of the Tennessee 17 October 1863-12 March 1864 / Army of the Tennessee 24 October 1863-26 March 1864 / Military Division of the Mississippi 18 March 1864-6 August 1866 / Military Division of the Missouri 6 August 1866-16 March 1869 / Military Division of the Atlantic 12 February 1868-12 February 1868 / General-in-Chief 4 March 1869-1 November 1883USA: Samuel Powhatan Carter promoted Brigadier-General USV 2 May 1862 to rank from 1 May 1862.
Carter, Samuel Powhatan (Perry) / Tennessee / Born 6 August 1819 Elizabethton, Tennessee / Died Washington, District of Columbia 26 May 1891
USNA 1846 / Midshipman USN 14 February 1840 / Passed Midshipman USN 11 July 1846 / Master USN 9 December 1854 / Lieutenant USN 18 April 1855 / Colonel USV Tennessee Infantry July 1861 / Brigadier-General USV 2 May 1862 to rank from 1 May 1862 / Lieutenant-Commander USN 16 July 1862/ Commander USN 25 June 1865 / Mustered Out USV 15 January 1866 / Commandant USNA 1869-1872 / Captain USN 28 October 1870 / Commodore USN 13 November 1878 / Retired USN 6 August 1881 / Rear Admiral USN Retired 16 May 1882 / Brevet Major-General USV 13 March 1865
12 th Brigade Department of the Ohio 30 November 1861-2 December 1861 / 12 th Brigade 1 st Division Department of the Ohio 2 December 1861-5 December 1861 /District of the Gap 11 March 1862-26 June 1862 / 24 th Brigade 7 th Division Department of the Ohio 26 March 1862-10 October 1862 / 3 rd Brigade District of the Cumberland November 1862-December 1862 / 4 th Brigade East Tennessee Division IX Corps Department of the Ohio 18 March 1863-3 June 1863 / 1 st Division XXIII Corps Army of the Ohio 3 June 1863-15 June 1863 / 1 st Brigade 1 st Division XIII Corps Department of the Ohio 24 June 1863-10 July 1863 / 1 st Division XXIII Corps Army of the Ohio 19 July 1863-6 August 1863 / District of Eastern Kentucky 6 August 1863-15 August 1863 / 4 th Division Cavalry XXIII Corps Army of the Ohio 6 August 1863-4 September 1863 / Provost Marshal-General Army of the Ohio October 1863-20 January 1865 / 2 nd Division District of Beaufort NC 1 March 1865-18 March 1865 / Carter’s Division District of Beaufort NC 16 March 1865-2 April 1865 / 3 rd Division XXIII Corps Department of North Carolina 7 April 1865-26 June 1865 / XXIII Corps Department of North Carolina 27 June 1865-12 July 1865 / Department of North Carolina 27 June 1865 -27 June 1865 / District of Greensboro 6 July 1865-15 January 1866 / 1 st Division XXIII Corps Department of North Carolina 12 July 1865Commander in Chief: President Abraham Lincoln
Vice-President: Hannibal Hamlin
Secretary of War: Edwin McMasters Stanton
Secretary of the Navy: Gideon Welles
North Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Louis Malesherbes Goldsborough
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron: Samuel Francis Du Pont
West Gulf Blockading Squadron: David Glasgow Farragut
East Gulf Blockading Squadron: William McKean
Pacific Squadron: Charles H Bell
Western Gunboat Flotilla: Andrew Hull Foote
Potomac Flotilla: Robert Harris WymanChairman of the War Board: Ethan Allen Hitchcock
Department of the Mississippi: Henry Wager Halleck
- District of West Tennessee: Ulysses Simpson Grant
- Army of West Tennessee: Ulysses Simpson Grant
- Army of the Mississippi: John Pope
- Army of the Ohio: Don Carlos Buell
- Sub-District of Columbus: Isaac Ferdinand Quinby
Department of the Missouri: Henry Wager Halleck
- District of St Louis: Lewis Merrill
- District of Central Missouri: James Totten
- District of Southeast Missouri: Frederick Steele
- District of Southwest Missouri: Samuel Ryan Curtis
- Army of the Southwest: Samuel Ryan Curtis
Department of the Gulf: Benjamin Franklin Butler
Middle Department: John Adams Dix
Mountain Department: John Charles Frémont
- Cheat Mountain District: Thomas Maley Harris
- Railroad District: Benjamin Franklin Kelley
- District of the Kanawha: Jacob Dolson Cox
- District of the Gap: Samuel Powhatan Carter
- District of the Valley of the Big Sandy River: James Abram Garfield
Department of New Mexico: Edward Richard Sprigg Canby
Department of New York: Edward Denison Morgan
Department of North Carolina: Ambrose Everett Burnside
Department of the Pacific: George Wright
- District of the Humboldt: Francis James Lippitt
- District of Oregon: Albemarle Cady
- District of Southern California: James Henry Carleton
Department of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan
- Army of the Potomac: George Brinton McClellan
- II Corps Potomac: Edwin Vose Sumner
- III Corps Potomac: Samuel Peter Heintzelman
- IV Corps Potomac: Erasmus Darwin Keyes
Department of the Rappahannock: Irvin McDowell
Department of the Shenandoah: Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
Department of the South: David Hunter
- Northern District of the South: Henry Washington Benham
- Southern District of the South: John Milton Brannan
- Western District of the South: Lewis Golding Arnold
Department of Texas: Vacant
Department of Virginia: John Ellis Wool
Confederate Organisation
Commander in Chief: President Jefferson Finis Davis
Vice-President: Alexander Hamilton Stephens
Secretary of War: George Wythe Randolph
Secretary of the Navy: Stephen Russell Mallory
Military Adviser to the President: Robert Edward Lee
Department No 1: Mansfield Lovell
Department of Alabama and West Florida: John Horace Forney temporary
Department of Middle and Eastern Florida: Joseph Finegan
Department of East Tennessee: Edmund Kirby Smith
Department of Henrico: John Henry Winder
Department of the Indian Territory: Douglas Hancock Cooper
Department of North Carolina: Theophilus Hunter Holmes
- District of Cape Fear: Samuel Gibbs French
- District of Pamlico: Robert Ransom temporary
- District of Roanoke Island: Henry Marchmore Shaw
Department of Northern Virginia: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
- District of Aquia: Gustavus Woodson Smith
- Army of Northern Virginia: Joseph Eggleston Johnston
- Right Wing Northern Virginia: James Longstreet
- Left Wing Northern Virginia: Gustavus Woodson Smith
- Centre Wing Northern Virginia: Daniel Harvey Hill
- Army of the Valley: Thomas Jonathan Jackson
Department of South Carolina and Georgia: John Clifford Pemberton
- District of Georgia: Alexander Robert Lawton
- District of South Carolina: Roswell Sabine Ripley
- 1 st Sub-District of South Carolina: Arthur Middleton Manigault.
- 2 nd Sub-District of South Carolina: Roswell Sabine Ripley
- 3 rd Sub-District of South Carolina: Nathan George Evans
- 4 th Sub-District of South Carolina: Maxcy Gregg
- 5 th Sub-District of South Carolina: Daniel Smith Donelson
- 6 th Sub-District of South Carolina: Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Department of Southwestern Virginia: William Wing Loring
Department of Texas: Paul Octave Hébert
- Eastern District of Texas: Paul Octave Hébert
- Western District of Texas: Henry Eustace McCullough
- Sub-District of Houston: John C Bowen
- Sub-District of Galveston: Ebenezer B Nichols
- Sub-District of the Rio Grande: Hamilton Prioleau Bee
- Defences of Pass Cavallo: John W Glenn
Western Department: Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
- Trans-Mississippi District: Earl Van Dorn
- District of North Alabama: Daniel Ruggles
- Army of Mississippi: Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
- I Corps Mississippi: Leonidas Polk
- II Corps Mississippi: Braxton Bragg
- III Corps Mississippi: William Joseph Hardee
- Reserve Corps Mississippi: John Cabell Breckinridge
District of Arizona: Henry Hopkins Sibley
Forces in Richmond: Charles Dimmock
Union Generals
Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission
Major-General USA
George Brinton McClellan
John Charles Frémont
Henry Wager HalleckMajor-General USV
Asterisk indicates concurrently Brigadier-General USA
John Adams Dix
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks
Benjamin Franklin Butler
David Hunter
Edwin Denison Morgan
Ethan Allen Hitchcock
Ulysses Simpson Grant
Irvin McDowell*
Ambrose Everett Burnside
William Starke Rosecrans*
Don Carlos Buell
John Pope
Samuel Ryan Curtis
Franz Sigel
John Alexander McClernand
Charles Ferguson Smith
Lewis Wallace
Ormsby McKnight Mitchel
Cassius Marcellus Clay
George Henry Thomas
George Cadwalader
William Tecumseh ShermanBrigadier-General USA
Brackets indicates concurrently Major-General USV
John Ellis Wool
William Selby Harney
Edwin Vose Sumner
Joseph King Fenno Mansfield
(Irvin McDowell)
Robert Anderson
(William Starke Rosecrans)
Philip St George CookeBrigadier-General USV
Samuel Peter Heintzelman
Erasmus Darwin Keyes
Andrew Porter
Fitz-John Porter
William Buel Franklin
Charles Pomeroy Stone
Thomas West Sherman
George Archibald McCall
William Reading Montgomery
Philip Kearny
Joseph Hooker
John Wolcott Phelps
Charles Smith Hamilton
Darius Nash Couch
Rufus King
Jacob Dolson Cox
Stephen Augustus Hurlbut
Robert Cumming Schenck
Benjamin Mayberry Prentiss
Benjamin Franklin Kelley
Alpheus Starkey Williams
Israel Bush Richardson
James Cooper
James Brewerton Ricketts
Orlando Bolivar Willcox
Michael Corcoran
Henry Hayes Lockwood
Louis Blenker
Henry Warner Slocum
James Samuel Wadsworth
John James Peck
George Webb Morell
John Henry Martindale
Samuel Davis Sturgis
George Stoneman
Henry Washington Benham
William Farrar Smith
James William Denver
Egbert Ludovicus Vielé
James Shields
John Fulton Reynolds
William Farquhar Barry
John Joseph Abercrombie
John Sedgwick
Silas Casey
Lawrence Pike Graham
George Gordon Meade
Abram Duryée
Alexander McDowell McCook
Oliver Otis Howard
Eleazar Arthur Paine
Charles Davis Jameson
Ebenezer Dumont
Robert Huston Milroy
Willis Arnold Gorman
Daniel Butterfield
Horatio Gouverneur Wright
Edward Otho Cresap Ord
William Nelson
William Thomas Ward
John Gross Barnard
Innis Newton Palmer
Seth Williams
John Newton
Winfield Scott Hancock
Thomas Leonidas Crittenden
George Wright
Isaac Ingalls Stevens
Thomas Williams
George Sykes
William Henry French
William Thomas Harbaugh Brooks
John Milton Brannan
William Wallace Burns
John Porter Hatch
David Sloane Stanley
William Kerley Strong
Albin Francisco Schoepf
Lovell Harrison Rousseau
James Scott Negley
Thomas John Wood
Richard W Johnson
Adolph Wilhelm August Friedrich Von Steinwehr
Joseph Bennett Plummer
John Gray Foster
George Washington Cullum
Jeremiah Tilford Boyle
Christopher Columbus Augur
Schuyler Hamilton
Jesse Lee Reno
George Washington Morgan
Julius Stahel
John McAllister Schofield
Thomas Jefferson McKean
John Grubb Parke
Zealous Bates Tower
Jefferson Columbus Davis
James Henry Lane
John McAuley Palmer
William High Keim
James Abram Garfield
Lewis Golding Arnold
Frederick Steele
William Scott Ketchum
Abner Doubleday
John Wynn Davidson
Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana
David Bell Birney
Thomas Francis Meagher
Henry Morris Naglee
Andrew Johnson
James Gallant Spears
Eugene Asa Carr
Thomas Alfred Davies
Daniel Tyler
William Hemsley Emory
Andrew Jackson Smith
Marsena Rudolph Patrick
Isaac Ferdinand Quinby
Hiram Gregory Berry
Orris Sanford Ferry
Daniel Phineas Woodbury
Henry Moses Judah
Richard James Oglesby
John Cook
John McArthur
Robert Latimer McCook
Jacob Gartner Lauman
Horatio Phillips Van Cleve
John Alexander Logan
Speed Smith Fry
Alexander Asboth
James Craig
Mahlon Dickerson Manson
Gordon Granger
Edward Richard Sprigg Canby
Grenville Mellen Dodge
Robert Byington Mitchell
James Gilpatrick Blunt
Francis Engle Patterson
Quincy Adams Gillmore
Amiel Weeks Whipple
Cuvier Grover
George Lucas Hartsuff
Rufus Saxton
Benjamin Alvord
Napoleon Bonaparte Buford
William Sooy Smith
Nathan Kimball
Charles Devens
James Henry Van Alen
Carl Schurz
Samuel Wylie Crawford
Henry Walton Wessells
Milo Smith Hascall
Leonard Fulton Ross
John White Geary
Alfred Howe Terry
Andrew Atkinson Humphreys
James Henry Carleton
Absalom Baird
John Cleveland Robinson
Truman Seymour
George Dashiell Bayard
Henry Prince
Abram Sanders Piatt
Thomas Turpin Crittenden
Maximilian Weber
Pleasant Adam Hackleman
Jeremiah Cutler Sullivan
Alvin Peterson Hovey
James Clifford Veatch
William Plummer Benton
Henry Bohlen
John Curtis Caldwell
Isaac Peace Rodman
Neal S Dow
George Sears Greene
Samuel Powhatan CarterBrigadier-General USA (Staff)
Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (Quartermaster-General)
Henry Knox Craig
Lorenzo Thomas (Adjutant-General)
James Wolfe Ripley (Ordnance)
William Alexander Hammond (Surgeon-General)Confederate Generals
Note: Italics, awaiting confirmation of the commission
General ACSA/PACS
Samuel Cooper
Robert Edward Lee
Joseph Eggleston Johnston
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
Braxton BraggMajor-General PACS
Leonidas Polk
Earl Van Dorn
Gustavus Woodson Smith
Theophilus Hunter Holmes
William Joseph Hardee
Benjamin Huger
James Longstreet
John Bankhead Magruder
Mansfield Lovell
Thomas Jonathan Jackson
Edmund Kirby Smith
George Bibb Crittenden
John Clifford Pemberton
Richard Stoddert Ewell
William Wing Loring
Sterling Price
Benjamin Franklin Cheatham
Samuel Jones
John Porter McCown
Daniel Harvey Hill
Jones Mitchell Withers
Thomas Carmichael Hindman
John Cabell BreckinridgeBrigadier-General PACS
Alexander Robert Lawton
Charles Clark
John Buchanan Floyd
Henry Alexander Wise
David Rumph Jones
Henry Hopkins Sibley
John Henry Winder
Richard Caswell Gatlin
Daniel Smith Donelson
Samuel Read Anderson
Richard Heron Anderson
Robert Augustus Toombs
Arnold Elzey
William Henry Chase Whiting
Jubal Anderson Early
Isaac Ridgeway Trimble
Daniel Ruggles
Roswell Sabine Ripley
Albert Pike
Paul Octave Hébert
Joseph Reid Anderson
Simon Bolivar Buckner
Albert Gallatin Blanchard
Gabriel James Rains
James Ewell Brown Stuart
Lafayette McLaws
Thomas Fenwick Drayton
Lloyd Tilghman
Nathan George Evans
Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox
Robert Emmett Rodes
Richard Taylor
James Heyward Trapier
Samuel Gibbs French
William Henry Carroll
Hugh Weedon Mercer
Humphrey Marshall
Richard Griffith
Alexander Peter Stewart
William Montgomery Gardner
Richard Brooke Garnett
William Mahone
Lawrence O’Bryan Branch
Edward Johnson
Maxcy Gregg
Raleigh Edward Colston
Henry Heth
Johnson Kelly Duncan
Sterling Alexander Martin Wood
John George Walker
John King Jackson
George Edward Pickett
Bushrod Rust Johnson
James Patton Anderson
Howell Cobb
George Wythe Randolph
Joseph Brevard Kershaw
James Ronald Chalmers
Joseph Lewis Hogg
Ambrose Powell Hill
James Johnston Pettigrew
Carter Littlepage Stevenson
Daniel Leadbetter
William Whann Mackall
Charles Sidney Winder
Robert Ransom
John Bell Hood
Daniel Marsh Frost
Winfield Scott Featherston
Thomas James Churchill
William Booth Taliaferro
Albert Rust
Patrick Ronayne Cleburne
Samuel Bell Maxey
Hamilton Prioleau Bee
James Morrison Hawes
George Hume Steuart
William Duncan Smith
James Edwin Slaughter
Charles William Field
John Horace Forney
Paul Jones Semmes
Lucius Marshall Walker
Seth Maxwell Barton
Dabney Herndon Maury
John Bordenave Villepigue
Henry Eustace McCullough
John Stevens Bowen
Benjamin Hardin Helm
John Selden Roane
States Rights Gist
William Nelson Pendleton
Lewis Addison Armistead
Joseph Finegan
Martin Luther Smith
Franklin Gardner
William Nelson Rector Beall
Thomas Jordan
William Preston
Roger Atkinson Pryor
Henry Little
John Echols
George Earl Maney
Jean Jacques Alfred Alexandre Mouton
John Stuart Williams
Watch the video: Jimmy Carter in Immigration - Harvest of Empire
